Push and pull factors [counter-urbanisation included]

Counter-urbanisation is the movement of people and businesses to rural areas and small towns. It is influenced and increased by several push and pull factors. However, there are various factors propelling urbanisation:

Push:

1. Few employment opportunities in the suburbs.
2. Bad quality education and healthcare in the suburbs.

Pull:

1. Better quality education and health services.
2. Better access to electricity and water.
3. More job opportunities.
4. Good quality accommodation.

Counter-urbanisation:

Push: [note that these expand into problems with rapid urbanisation]

1. Traffic congestion
2. Air pollution
3. Overcrowding
4. Social problems

Pull:

1. Cleaner environment
2. Safer
3. Possible good education and healthcare